Topic Overview
What are uterine fibroids?
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus. Fibroids can grow on the inside of the uterus, within the muscle wall of the uterus, or on the outer surface of the uterus. Fibroids can alter the shape of the uterus as they grow. Over time, the size, shape, location, and symptoms of fibroids may change. See an illustration of the female pelvic organs.

Fibroids are also called myomas, leiomyomas, and fibromas.

What causes uterine fibroids?
The cause of uterine fibroids is not known. Fibroids begin when abnormal cells grow in the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). Fibroids contain muscular and fibrous tissue similar to the normal tissue of the uterus, but fibroid tissue serves no useful purpose.

What are the symptoms of uterine fibroids?
Although uterine fibroids may be present in up to 75% of all women, 50% to 55% of these women do not have symptoms. When symptoms are present, they are usually mild and do not require treatment. Symptoms can include:

Abnormal menstrual bleeding, including heavy, prolonged, or painful periods and spotting or bleeding between periods.
Pain or pressure in the abdomen, pelvis, or low back and pain during intercourse.
Urinary problems, including frequent urinary tract infections, frequent urination and incontinence, and bladder or kidney infections.
Constipation.
Infertility.
Problems with pregnancy, including premature labor, placental abruption, and miscarriage.

How are uterine fibroids diagnosed?
The diagnosis of uterine fibroids is usually based on:
Your age. Uterine fibroids are more common in women over age 35.
The history of your symptoms and your menstrual periods.
The results of a pelvic exam.
Medical imaging tests, such as ultrasound.

How are uterine fibroids treated?
Uterine fibroids that do not cause symptoms or that cause only mild symptoms usually do not require treatment. A watchful waiting period may be all that is needed when uterine fibroids cause few symptoms. Home treatment can usually relieve and control mild symptoms.

Medications, surgery, or other procedures, such as uterine fibroid embolization, may be needed if uterine fibroids are causing serious symptoms.