Synonyms
Torsion Dystonia

Disorder Subdivisions
Generalized Dystonia
Primary Dystonia
Early-onset Dystonia
Childhood-onset Dystonia
Dopa-responsive Dystonia (DRD)
Focal Dystonia
Blepharospasm (Benign Essential Blepharospasm[BEB])
Cervical Dystonia (Spasmodic Torticollis[ST])
Oromandibular Dystonia
Writer’s Cramp
Paroxysmal Dystonia
Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dystonia (PKD)
Paroxysmal Dystonia Choreathetosis
Spasmodic Torticollis (Cervical Dystonia)
Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD)
X-Linked Dystonia-parkinsonism
Late-onset Dystonia
Secondary Dystonia
Tardive Dyskinesia
Tardive Dystonia
Myoclonic Dystonia
Rapid-onset Dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP)
Segmental Dystonia

General Discussion
Dystonia is a group of movement disorders that vary in their symptoms, causes, progression, and treatments. This group of neurological conditions is generally characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that force the body into abnormal, sometimes painful, movements and positions (postures).

Dystonia may be focal (affecting an isolated body part), segmental (affecting adjacent body areas, or generalized (affecting many major muscle groups simultaneously). There are many different causes for dystonia. Genetic as well as non-genetic factors contribute to all forms of dystonia. The most characteristic finding associated with dystonia is twisting, repetitive movements that affect the neck, torso, limbs, eyes, face, vocal chords, and/or a combination of these muscle groups.