Definition
Dry eyes are caused by a lack of tears which may be a result of aging, an underlying disease, or a side effect of medication. Tears are necessary for the normal lubrication of the eye and to wash away particles and foreign bodies. Uncomfortably dry eyes usually result in tiny abrasions on the eye surface.

Alternative Names
Tearing - decreased

Considerations
Blepharitis is a dandruff-like buildup on the eyelids that can cause the tears not to work properly. Treatment of blepharitis with eyelids scrubs and warm compresses can help dry eyes.

Common Causes
Aging, especially with blepharitis
Dry environment or workplace (wind, air conditioning)
Eye trauma or injury to the eyes (see eye emergency)
Cold medicines, allergy medicines, prescription eye drops
Sjogren's syndrome

Home Care
Artificial tears are available over-the-counter or by prescription in either drops or ointment. The thicker eye drops last longer, but can cause blurry vision. Prevention is the key -- use artificial tears before your eyes feel dry.

Treatment of blepharitis or the dandruff-like buildup on the eyelashes helps tears work better. Use over-the-counter eyelid scrub pads 1-2 times a day for several weeks.

Call your health care provider if
Decreased tearing is significant, prolonged, or associated with other unexplained symptoms.
Your eyes become red or painful.

What to expect at your health care provider's office
The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination, including an eye examination, will be performed.

Medical history questions documenting decreased tearing in detail may include:

Time pattern
How long have you had decreased tearing?
Is it constant?
Does it only occur at certain times or in certain places?

Quality
Does it affect vision?
Does it cause pain?
Do the eyelids close easily?
Has drainage from eyes or nose been noticed?

Location
Does it involve both eyes?

Aggravating factors
What makes it worse?
What medications are being taken?
Has there ever been surgery or an injury to the eyes or nose?
Does it seem to be related to exposure to wind, dust, chemicals, sun, or light?
Are there any allergies?
Are cosmetics used (eye make-up, face lotions, astringents)?

Relieving factors
Does anything help relieve it?
Have artificial tears been used?

Other
What other symptoms are also present?

Diagnostic tests that may be performed include:
Culture and sensitivity testing of tear specimen.
Tearing tests - new tests are available which can more accurately diagnose dry eye.

For non-traumatic, decreased tearing, artificial tears may be prescribed.